Sex differences in particulate air pollution-related cardiovascular diseases: A review of human and animal evidence

环境卫生 流行病学 疾病 空气污染 微粒污染 医学 环境流行病学 微粒 人类健康 生物 病理 生态学
作者
Minyu Liao,Zachary Braunstein,Xiaoquan Rao
出处
期刊:Science of The Total Environment [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:884: 163803-163803 被引量:45
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163803
摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally. In the past several decades, researchers have raised significant awareness about the sex differences in CVD and the importance of heart disease in women. Besides physiological disparities, many lifestyles and environmental factors such as smoking and diet may affect CVD in a sex-dependent manner. Air pollution is a well-recognized environmental risk factor for CVD. However, the sex differences in air pollution-related CVD have been largely neglected. A majority of the previously completed studies have either evaluated only one sex (generally male) as study subjects or did not compare the sex differences. Some epidemiological and animal studies have shown that there are sex differences in the sensitivity to particulate air pollution as evidenced by the different morbidity and mortality rates of CVD induced by particulate air pollution, although this was not conclusive. In this review, we attempt to evaluate the sex differences in air pollution-related CVD and the underlying mechanisms by reviewing both epidemiological and animal studies. This review may provide a better understanding of the sex differences in environmental health research, enabling improved prevention and therapeutic strategies for human health in the future.
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