CO2 nanobubbles utility for enhanced plant growth and productivity: Recent advances in agriculture

Nanobubbles (<1000 nm in diameter) because of their unique properties such as long lifetime in liquid owing to its negatively charged surface, and its high gas solubility into the liquid owing to its high internal pressure and surface area. Recent research showed that CO2 in nanobubble aqueous form can lead to the growth of plants. Nanobubble generation (NBG) systems can generate nanobubbles of gas (O2, CO2, N2, O3 etc.) as is supplied to it based on various applications. It has been proven that dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration can be significantly improved when a waterbody is supplied with oxygen/air nanobubbles. NBs which are less than 5 µm are also known to have high stability (50–70 days) in water. Nanobubble water have been identified and proven to improve the length of leaves, roots, biomass, height of the plant, soil quality etc. compared to normal water. This review is the collection of recent research showing the utility of air/CO2 in the form of nanobubbles for improving the growth of plants which is groundbreaking in the field of agriculture. We are also introducing our indigenized cost effective, sustainable, and long lasting NBG system which can be used for generation of NBs in water easily. We believe NBG technology is one of the most disruptive approaches when it comes to gas liquid dissolution and its various applications specially in sustainable wastewater management, agriculture, soil remediation, water rejuvenation etc. Due to its high gas dissolving ability, it is also possible to apply this technology for carbon capture, sequestration and storage (CSS).