Latent fingerprint (LFP) detection has become an essential component of criminal investigation because fingerprint has the characteristics of great difference and invariability. Nowadays, powder dusting method is favored to visualize LFP due to its environmental friendliness. However, serious shortcomings, such as low resolution, low sensitivity, and large background interference, of this method immensely limit its applications. To address these issues, we proposed a cation-anion units co-doping strategy from Sr 3-x Ba x AlO 4 F 1-z Cl z : y Tb 3+ anti-perovskite phosphors with the emission of ∼555 nm under ultraviolet C (UVC, 265 nm) excitation by the high-temperature solid-state method. Besides, the corresponding structural phase, luminescent properties, decay curves, and resistance of color shift under various temperatures are systematically investigated. The result indicates that cation-anion modulation can significantly improve the photoluminescence (PL) intensity under UVC excitation, and then contribute to obvious suppression of background interference of substrate for fingerprint detection. Surprisingly, the optimized Sr 2.6 Ba 0.4 AlO 4 F 0.9 Cl 0.1 :3%Tb 3+ phosphor shows a very high color shift resistance from 300 to 420 K. Because of the foregoing, Sr 2.6 Ba 0.4 AlO 4 F 0.9 Cl 0.1 :3%Tb 3+ phosphor overcomes the above-mentioned shortcomings and exhibits good potential for high resolution and high sensitivity LFP detection.