Mutant KRAS modulates colorectal cancer cells invasive response to fibroblast‐secreted factors through the HGF/C‐MET axis

Genetic alterations influence the malignant potential of cancer cells, and so does the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we combined the study of KRAS oncogenic effects in colorectal cancer cells with the influence of fibroblast-derived factors. Results revealed that mutant KRAS regulates cell fate through both autonomous and nonautonomous signaling mechanisms. Specifically, processes such as proliferation and cell-cell aggregation were autonomously controlled by mutant KRAS independently of the stimulation with fibroblasts conditioned media. However, cancer cell invasion revealed to be a KRAS-dependent nonautonomous effect, resulting from the cooperation between fibroblast-derived HGF and mutant KRAS regulation of C-MET expression. C-MET downregulation upon KRAS silencing rendered cells less responsive to HGF and thus less invasive. Yet, in one cell line, KRAS inhibition triggered invasion upon stimulation with fibroblasts conditioned media. Inhibition of PIK3CA oncogene did not promote invasion, thus showing a KRAS-specific effect. Moreover, the invasive capacity also depended on the HGF-C-MET axis. Overall, our study awards oncogenic KRAS an important role in modulating the response to fibroblast-secreted factors either by promoting or impairing invasion, and depicts the HGF-C-MET axis as a putative therapeutic target to impair the invasive properties of mutant KRAS cancer cells.