Synergy and competition of water in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Insights for sustainability

Nexus(标准) 持续性 用水 粮食安全 竞赛(生物学) 食物能量 食品工业 业务 自然资源经济学 环境科学 环境经济学 工程类 经济 农业 地理 生态学 生物化学 化学 政治学 法学 嵌入式系统 生物 考古
作者
En Hua,Bernie Engel,Jiajie Guan,Jieling Yin,Nan Wu,Xinxueqi Han,Shikun Sun,Jianqiang He,Yubao Wang
出处
期刊:Energy Conversion and Management [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:266: 115848-115848 被引量:26
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115848
摘要

Studies on the Food-Energy-Water Nexus can help researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and stakeholders identify opportunities to maintain the nexus’ synergies and trade-offs. Water, the most sensitive element in the Food-Energy-Water Nexus, readily influences the stability, cooperativity, and safety of the nexus. The key initiative to ensure water security in the Food-Energy-Water Nexus is properly handling water for food and energy production, but the existed conceptual framework and evaluation system are incomplete. This paper uses the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response model and the water footprint theory to construct an optimization approach to evaluate the synergy and competition for water between food and energy at five levels. This optimization approach was tested and implemented based on a case study of 31 provinces in the Chinese Mainland from 1997 to 2016. The results showed that the blue water footprint of 31 provinces was 263.48 Gm3 in 2016, and the gray water footprint was 1518.57 Gm3, which led to inter-industry competitive water use and water unsustainability. In 2016, the 31 provinces had developed into Industry Synergy Sustainability scenario (1 province), Industry Synergy Unsustainability scenario (9 provinces), Industry Competition Unsustainability scenario (16 provinces), and Industry Competition Sustainability scenario (5 provinces), presenting a spatially clustered distribution pattern. Except for Xinjiang and Jilin, the remaining 29 provinces gradually developed into sustainable or synergistic scenarios. The total production water footprint in the Industry Competition Unsustainability scenario reached 4.08 m3/kg in 2016, while the Industry Synergy Sustainability scenario was only 3.67 m3/kg. This paper proposes two response paths, based on market allocation and administrative means, to facilitate the gradual evolution of the Industry Competition Unsustainability scenario into the Industry Synergy Sustainability scenario. These paths contribute to the efficient and sustainable integrated management of food, energy, and water globally.
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