[Progress on clinical trials of common gastrointestinal cancer drugs in China from 2012 to 2021].

Objective: Systematically summarize the research progress of clinical trials of gastric cancer oncology drugs and the overview of marketed drugs in China from 2012 to 2021, providing data and decision-making evidence for relevant departments. Methods: Based on the registration database of the drug clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of Food and Drug Administration of China and the data query system of domestic and imported drugs, the information on gastric cancer drug clinical trials, investigational drugs and marketed drugs from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was analyzed, and the differences between Chinese and foreign enterprises in terms of trial scope, trial phase, treatment lines and drug type, effect and mechanism studies were compared. Results: A total of 114 drug clinical trials related to gastric tumor were registered in China from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 3.7% (114/3 041) of all anticancer drug clinical trials in the same period, the registration number showed a significant growth rate after 2016 and reached its peak with 32 trials in 2020. Among them, 85 (74.6%, 85/114) trials were initiated by Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise. Compared with foreign pharmaceutical enterprise, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprise had higher rates of phase I trials (35.3% vs 6.9%, P=0.001), but the rate of international multicenter trials (11.9% vs 67.9%, P<0.001) was relatively low. There were 76 different drugs involved in relevant clinical trials, of which 65 (85.5%) were targeted drugs. For targeted drugs, HER2 is the most common one (14 types), followed by PD-1 and multi-target VEGER. In the past ten years, 3 of 4 marketed drugs for gastric cancer treatment were domestic and included in the national medical insurance directory. Conclusions: From 2012 to 2021, China has made some progress in drug research and development for gastric carcinoma. However, compared with the serious disease burden, it is still insufficient. Targeted strengthening of research and development of investment in many aspects of gastric cancer drugs, such as new target discovery, matured target excavating, combination drug development and early line therapy promotion, is the key work in the future, especially for domestic companies.目的： 系统汇总2012—2021年中国胃癌肿瘤药物临床试验的研究进展及上市药物概况，为相关部门提供数据及决策证据。 方法： 基于中国国家食品药品监督管理总局药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台登记数据库及国产药品及进口药品数据查询系统，分析2012年1月1日至2021年12月31日胃癌药物临床试验、涉及试验药品及上市药物信息，比较中国企业和国外企业在试验范围、试验分期、治疗线数及药物类型、作用和机制研究等方面的差异。 结果： 2012—2021年间相关药物临床试验在中国注册数量为114项，占同期全部抗肿瘤药物临床试验的3.7%(114/3 041)，临床试验研究数量2016年后有所增加，2020年达到峰值(32项)。85项(74.6%，85/114)临床试验由中国制药企业发起，中国企业国际多中心试验比例低于国外企业(分别为11.9%和67.9%，P<0.001)，中国企业试验Ⅰ期患者比例更高(分别为35.3%和6.9%，P＝0.001)。相关试验共涉及76种药物，其中65种(85.5%)为靶向药物。靶点方面，以人表皮生长因子受体2(14个)最常见，其次是程序性死亡受体1、血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)多靶点和VEGFR。2012—2021年，共有4种胃癌药物上市，3种为国产药物。 结论： 2012—2021年，中国在胃癌药物研发方面有所进展，但与严重的疾病负担比较投入仍显不足。有针对性地加强胃癌药物在新靶点发现、成熟靶点挖掘、联合用药开发及早线治疗推进等多个方面的研发投入是未来的重点工作，尤其是国内企业未来的重点工作。.