The Development of Smart Fluorescent Sensor Based on G ‑ Quadruplex Beacons Targeting Metal Ions and Biological Analytes

There has been quite a lot of research focused on their structure, stability, reactivity, selectivity, and so on for chemical manipulation in their sensor applications or biological activity since the exploration of the G-quadruplex structure in recent years. This review summarizes the latest advancements for detecting different metal ions (Na + , K + , Ag + , Tl + , Cu + /Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ , etc .) and biomolecules (AMP, ATP, DNA/RNA, microRNA, G-quadruplex, Thrombin, T4 PNK, RNase H, ALP, CEA, Lipocalin 1 and UDG, etc .) in fluorescent sensors based on G-quadruplex modification, such as dye-label, dyes complex, intercalating dyes, artificial nucleobase moiety, and bioconjugated nanomaterials (AgNCs, GO, QDs, CDs and MOF, etc .). To investigate extremely efficiently responsive agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine, the fluorescence sensors based on G-quadruplex are also employed as a quantitative visualization technique.