描述Ni: ΔG_H* ~ -0.1 eV to -0.2 eV (near-optimal for HER).
Fe: ΔG_H* ~ -0.2 eV to -0.4 eV (stronger binding, may impede H₂ desorption).
Co: ΔG_H* ~ -0.1 eV to -0.3 eV (favorable for HER, similar to Ni but slightly less optimal in some cases).
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