Characteristics and Sensitivity Analysis of Ozone Pollution in a Typical Inland City in China

In this research, long-term monitoring data from 2020 to 2023 were used to characterize O3 pollution in a typical inland city in northwest China (34°21′ N 109°30′ E), which indicated that ozone pollution yielded typical regular fluctuations and high ozone concentrations from April to September were observed. Ozone varied in the range of 16–176 μg/m3, and maximum peaks were found usually at 14:00–17:00 in June and July. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between ozone and temperature, with correlation coefficients of 0.93. The wind speed exhibits a similar variation as ozone. Meanwhile, negative correlations were not so notably observed among ozone, humidity, VOCs, and NOx. Finally, the empirical kinetic model OZIPR (Ozone Isopleth Plotting Program for Research) was employed to analyze the sensitivity relationship among ozone and precursor compounds by calculating EMKA (Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach) curves. The EKMA analysis results showed that during the whole ozone pollution period, ozone formation is mainly dominated by VOCs due to all the ratios of VOCs/NOx which fell in the VOCs control region. Therefore, VOCs should be priority controlled and more measures should be taken for better ozone pollution control abatement.