Lighting Up Agricultural Sustainability in the New Era through Nanozymology: An Overview of Classifications and Their Agricultural Applications

With the concept of sustainable agriculture receiving increasing attention from humankind, nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity but higher environmental endurance and longer-term stability than natural enzymes, have enabled agricultural technologies to be reformative, economic, and portable. Benefiting from their multiple catalytic activities and renewable nanocharacteristics, nanozymes can shine in agricultural scenarios using enzyme engineering and nanoscience, acting as sustainable toolboxes to improve agricultural production and reduce the risk to agricultural systems. Herein, we comprehensively discuss the classifications of nanozymes applied in current agriculture, including peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, catalase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and laccase-like nanozymes, as well as their biocatalytic mechanisms. Especially, different applications of nanozymes in agriculture are deeply reviewed, covering crop protection and nutrition, agroenvironmental remediation and monitoring, and agroproduct quality monitoring. Finally, the challenges faced by nanozymes in agricultural applications are proposed, and we expect that our review can further enhance agricultural sustainability through nanozymology.