作者
Laura Wisse,Nicola Spotorno,Marcello Rossi,Michel J. Grothe,Angela Mammana,Pontus Tideman,Simone Baiardi,Olof Strandberg,Alice Ticca,Danielle van Westen,Niklas Mattsson,Sebastian Palmqvist,Erik Stomrud,Piero Parchi,Oskar Hansson,Michael W. Weiner,Paul M. Thompson,Ronald C. Petersen,Clifford R. Jack,Clifford R. Jack,John Q. Trojanowki,Arthur W. Toga,Laurel Beckett,Robert C. Green,Andrew J. Saykin,John C. Morris,Richard J. Perrin,Leslie M. Shaw,Zaven S. Khachaturian,Marı́a C. Carrillo,Michael Hüll,Lisa L. Barnes,Marie Bernard,Hector M. González,Carole Ho,John Hsiao,Jonathan Jackson,Eliezer Masliah,Donna Masterman,Ozioma C. Okonkwo,Laurie Ryan,Nina Silverberg,Adam Fleisher,Diana Truran Sacrey,Juliet Fockler,Cat Conti,Dallas P. Veitch,John Neuhaus,Chengshi Jin,Rachel L. Nosheny,Miriam T. Ashford,Derek Flenniken,Adrienne Kormos,Tom Montine,Michael S. Rafii,Rema Raman,Gustavo Jimenez‐Maggiora,Michael Donohue,Devon Gessert,Jennifer Salazar,Caileigh Zimmerman,Yuliana Cabrera,Sarah Walter,Garrett Miller,Godfrey Coker,Taylor Clanton,Lindsey Hergesheimer,Stephanie Smith,Olusegun Adegoke,Payam Mahboubi,Shelley Moore,Jeremy Pizzola,Elizabeth Shaffer,Brittany Sloan,Danielle Harvey,Arvin Arani,Bret Borowski,Chad Ward,Christopher Schwarz,David Jones,Jeff Gunter,Clifford R. Jack,Matthew L. Senjem,Prashanthi Vemuri,Robert I. Reid,Nick C. Fox,Ian B. Malone,Paul M. Thompson,Sophia I. Thomopoulos,Talia M. Nir,Neda Jahanshad,Charles DeCarli,Alexander Knaack,Evan Fletcher,Duygu Tosun,Stephanie Rossi Chen,Mark Choe,Karen Crawford,Paul A. Yushkevich,Sandhitsu R. Das
摘要
Importance The lack of an in vivo measure for α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology until recently has limited thorough characterization of its brain atrophy pattern, especially during early disease stages. Objective To assess the association of state-of-the-art cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seed amplification assays (SAA) α-syn positivity (SAA α-syn+) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural measures, across the continuum from clinically unimpaired (CU) to cognitively impaired (CI) individuals, in 3 independent cohorts, and separately in CU and CI individuals, the latter reflecting a memory clinic population. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional data were used from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study (inclusion, 2017-2023) as the discovery cohort and the Swedish BioFINDER-1 study (inclusion, 2007-2015) and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; inclusion 2005-2022) as replication cohorts. All cohorts are from multicenter studies, but the BioFINDER cohorts used 1 MRI scanner. CU and CI individuals fulfilling inclusion criteria and without missing data points in relevant metrics were included in the study. All analyses were performed from 2023 to 2024. Exposures Presence of α-syn pathology, estimated by baseline CSF SAA α-syn. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were cross-sectional structural MRI measures either through voxel-based morphometry (VBM) or regions of interest (ROI) including an automated pipeline for cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei CH4/4p (nucleus basalis of Meynert [NBM]) and CH1/2/3. Secondary outcomes were domain-specific cross-sectional cognitive measures. Analyses were adjusted for CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer pathology. Results A total of 2961 participants were included in this study: 1388 (mean [SD] age, 71 [10] years; 702 female [51%]) from the BioFINDER-2 study, 752 (mean [SD] age, 72 [6] years; 406 female [54%]) from the BioFINDER-1 study, and 821 (mean [SD] age, 75 [8] years; 449 male [55%]) from ADNI. In the BioFINDER-2 study, VBM analyses in the whole cohort revealed a specific association between SAA α-syn+ and the cholinergic NBM, even when adjusting for Alzheimer copathology. ROI-based analyses in the BioFINDER-2 study focused on regions involved in the cholinergic system and confirmed that SAA α-syn+ was indeed independently associated with smaller NBM (β = −0.271; 95% CI, −0.399 to −0.142; P <.001) and CH1/2/3 volumes (β = −0.227; 95% CI, −0.377 to −0.076; P =.02). SAA α-syn+ was also independently associated with smaller NBM volumes in the separate CU (β = −0.360; 95% CI, −0.603 to −0.117; P =.03) and CI (β = −0.251; 95% CI, −0.408 to −0.095; P =.02) groups. Overall, the association between SAA α-syn+ and NBM volume was replicated in the BioFINDER-1 study and ADNI cohort. In CI individuals, NBM volumes partially mediated the association of SAA α-syn+ with attention/executive impairments in all cohorts (BioFINDER-2, β = −0.017; proportion-mediated effect, 7%; P =.04; BioFINDER-1, β = −0.096; proportion-mediated effect, 19%; P =.04; ADNI, β = −0.061; proportion-mediated effect, 20%; P =.007). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, SAA α-syn+ was consistently associated with NBM atrophy already during asymptomatic stages. Further, in memory clinic CI populations, SAA α-syn+ was associated with NBM atrophy, which partially mediated α-syn–induced attention/executive impairment.