Electrochemical Sensors for Heavy Metal Ion Detection in Aqueous Medium: A Systematic Review

电化学 重金属 金属 水溶液 水介质 水溶液中的金属离子 离子 材料科学 纳米技术 环境科学 计算机科学 环境化学 化学 冶金 电极 有机化学 物理化学
作者
S. Fouziya Sulthana,U. Mohammed Iqbal,B. S. Sreeja,A. Rajesh,Ravikumar Chinthaginjala,Dhanamjayulu Chitathuru,Ahmad Irfan,Tai-hoon Kim
出处
期刊:ACS omega [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:9 (24): 25493-25512 被引量:33
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsomega.4c00933
摘要

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are very harmful to the ecosystem when they are present in excess of the recommended limits. They are carcinogenic in nature and can cause serious health issues. So, it is important to detect the metal ions quickly and accurately. The metal ions arsenic (As3+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr3+), lead (Pb2+), and mercury (Hg2+) are considered to be very toxic among other metal ions. Standard analytical methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are used to detect HMIs. But these methods necessitate highly technical equipment and lengthy procedures with skilled personnel. So, electrochemical sensing methods are considered to be more advantageous because of their quick analysis with precision and simplicity to operate. They can detect a wide range of heavy metals providing real-time monitoring and are cost-effective and enable multiparametric detection. Various sensing applications necessitate severe regulation regarding the modification of electrode surfaces. Numerous nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoparticles have been extensively explored as interface materials in electrode modifiers. These nanoparticles offer excellent electrical conductivity, distinctive catalytic properties, and high surface area resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance. This review examines different HMI detection methods in an aqueous medium by an electrochemical sensing approach and studies the recent developments in interface materials for altering the electrodes.
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