Risk factors associated with ototoxicity in long-term nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors

To investigate patient-reported outcomes among long-term survivors and to analyze their associated risk factors to provide better treatment and symptom management for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. This retrospective study collected patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy in our hospital from June 2009 to June 2016. The patients' disease status and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed by follow-up. The ototoxicity was graded according to CTCAE 5.0. A total of 223 patients were included in the study. Among the enrolled patients, the median follow-up time was 8.4 (6.0–13.0) years. Based on the patient-reported outcomes, ototoxicity was the most common symptom (52.9 %). After univariable and multivariable logistic regression, age ≥ 50 years old (OR, 4.066; 95 % CI, 1.799–9.190; P = .001), diabetes (OR, 3.520; 95 % CI, 1.442–8.591; P = .006), D2 ≥ 69 Gy (OR, 3.715; 95 % CI, 1.064–12.969; P = . 040) and V35 ≥ 91.5 % (OR, 3.398; 95 % CI, 1.113–10.372; P = .032) were associated with a higher incidence of grade 3–4 ototoxicity. Then, we constructed the individual nomogram and the C index of the graph was 0.815. By univariable logistic regression, we found that grade 3–4 ototoxicity was associated with an increased risk of multiple other symptoms, dysmasesia, tongue dysfunction, hoarseness, dysphagia and ocular toxicity. In long-term survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients receiving IMRT, the most common patient-reported outcome was ototoxicity. Age ≥ 50 years, diabetes, ear exposure dose of D2 ≥ 69 Gy and V35 ≥ 91.5 % are independent risk factors for grade 3–4 ototoxicity.