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Aluminum hypophosphite in combination with expandable graphite as a novel flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foams

热重分析 阻燃剂 材料科学 次磷酸 极限氧指数 聚氨酯 复合材料 锥形量热计 燃烧 化学工程 烧焦 有机化学 化学 工程类
作者
Hongyu Yang,Xin Wang,Lei Song,Bin Yu,Yao Yuan,Yuan Hu,Richard K.K. Yuen
出处
期刊:Polymers for Advanced Technologies [Wiley]
卷期号:25 (9): 1034-1043 被引量:75
标识
DOI:10.1002/pat.3348
摘要

The main aim of this work was to investigate the synergistic effect of expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) on the flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). A series of flame retardant RPUF containing EG and AHP were prepared by one‐shot and free‐rise method. The flame retardant, thermal degradation, and combustion properties of RPUF hybrids were characterized through limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical burning (UL‐94) test, thermogravimetric analysis and microscale combustion calorimeter. The LOI and UL‐94 results showed that the RPUF sample with 10 wt% EG and 5 wt% AHP passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating and reached a relatively high LOI value of 28.5%, which is superior over other EG/AHP ratios in RPUF at the equivalent filler loading. Microscale combustion calorimeter results revealed that the incorporation of EG and AHP into RPUF reduced the peak heat release rate and total heat release, thus decrease the fire risk of RPUF significantly. Incorporation of EG and AHP improved the thermal stability of RPUF as observed from the thermogravimetric analysis results and also enhanced the thermal resistance of char layer at high temperature from scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, it could be seen from thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry spectra that the addition of EG and AHP significantly decreased the combustible gaseous products such as hydrocarbons and ethers. Finally, the synergistic mechanism in flame retardancy was discussed and speculated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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