Human aquaporins: Regulators of transcellular water flow

跨细胞 水通道蛋白 水运 细胞生物学 并行传输 水流 生物 调节器 平衡 神经科学 磁导率 生物化学 环境科学 环境工程 基因
作者
Rebecca E. Day,Philip Kitchen,D. Owen,Charlotte E. Bland,Lindsay J. Marshall,Alex C. Conner,Roslyn M. Bill,Matthew Conner
出处
期刊:Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects [Elsevier]
卷期号:1840 (5): 1492-1506 被引量:264
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.033
摘要

Emerging evidence supports the view that (AQP) aquaporin water channels are regulators of transcellular water flow. Consistent with their expression in most tissues, AQPs are associated with diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. AQP knockout studies suggest that the regulatory role of AQPs, rather than their action as passive channels, is their critical function. Transport through all AQPs occurs by a common passive mechanism, but their regulation and cellular distribution varies significantly depending on cell and tissue type; the role of AQPs in cell volume regulation (CVR) is particularly notable. This review examines the regulatory role of AQPs in transcellular water flow, especially in CVR. We focus on key systems of the human body, encompassing processes as diverse as urine concentration in the kidney to clearance of brain oedema. AQPs are crucial for the regulation of water homeostasis, providing selective pores for the rapid movement of water across diverse cell membranes and playing regulatory roles in CVR. Gating mechanisms have been proposed for human AQPs, but have only been reported for plant and microbial AQPs. Consequently, it is likely that the distribution and abundance of AQPs in a particular membrane is the determinant of membrane water permeability and a regulator of transcellular water flow. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate transcellular water flow will improve our understanding of the human body in health and disease. The central role of specific AQPs in regulating water homeostasis will provide routes to a range of novel therapies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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