Prevalence and associative factors of orthostatic hypotension in older adults: Results from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is commonly reported among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and investigate the possible associations between OH with sociodemographic variables, chronic medical conditions, health service utilisation, dementia and cognitive status among older adults residing in Singapore. Data was collected from 2266 participants aged 60 years and older who participated in the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study in 2013. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and data collected includes sociodemographic information, blood pressure measurements, medical history, health services utilisation, and cognitive status. The prevalence of OH among older adults in Singapore was 7.8%. OH was highest in participants aged 85 years and above (OR: 2.33; 1.26–4.30; p = 0.007) compared to those aged 75–84 years (OR: 1.76; 1.08-2.85; p = 0.023). Participants with hypertension were more likely to have OH (OR: 3.03; 1.56–5.88, p = 0.001) than those without hypertension. Those with dementia were also more likely to have OH than those with normal cognitive status (p = 0.007). Older age, hypertension, and dementia were independently associated with OH in the older adult population in Singapore. Interventions such as home safety assessment and preventive measures should be implemented to improve older adult's functional capacity and quality of life to prevent injury.