Iodine-doped ZnO nanopillar arrays for perovskite solar cells with high efficiency up to 18.24%

A compact and even ZnO:I nanopillar planar electron transport layer (ETL) is prepared to enable deposition of a fully covering and highly uniform perovskite layer by a facile one-step spin-coating process method. Such a ZnO:I nanopillar ETL film exhibits high optical transparency, favorable work function and superior electron extraction ability, leading to the opt-electrical conversion efficiency as high as 18.24%.