Numerical model of curved composite tiles under low-velocity impact loading

In recent years, composite structures have seen widespread application across diverse industries, including automotive and aerospace, owing to their favourable strength-to-weight ratio. However, these structures, particularly high-pressure vessels, are susceptible to extreme loadings such as impact forces, resulting in visible and latent damage, ultimately leading to catastrophic failures. Hence, it is imperative to assess such damages diligently. Given the cost implications associated with experimental investigations, numerical methodologies emerge as a potent means for conducting relevant analyses. This paper will introduce a numerical model approach to conducting virtual tests to assess curved carbon fibre composite tiles subjected to low-velocity impact. The primary focus of this study is to consider the impact-induced delamination on composite tiles through a numerical model. The composite tiles are conducted to 90J impact loading. Specifically, the study evaluates filament winding structures’ interface properties (shear resistance) variability during manufacturing. Notably, the parameter of shear resistance significantly impacts the anticipation of intralaminar damage (delamination) after impact loading. Three-point bending tests were performed to calibrate the composite material’s shear interface properties, followed by low-velocity impact tests on the curved composite tiles. The findings indicate that the shear resistance values, which ranged from 14.25 MPa to 60 MPa, play a critical role in predicting delamination, with lower shear resistance leading to increased damage areas. The results underscore the importance of accurately calibrating interface properties to enhance the predictive accuracy of numerical models for curved composite structures under impact loading.