Microbiota governs host chenodeoxycholic acid glucuronidation to ameliorate bile acid disorder induced diarrhea

Disorder in bile acid (BA) metabolism is known to be an important factor contributing to diarrhea. However, the pathogenesis of BA disorder-induced diarrhea remains unclear. The colonic BA pool and microbiota between health piglets and BA disorder-induced diarrheal piglets were compared. Fecal microbiota transplantation and various cell experiments further indicated that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) metabolic disorder produced CDCA-3β-glucuronide, which is the main cause of BA disorder diarrhea. Non-targeted metabolomics uncovered the inhibition of the BA glucuronidation by Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is through deriving indole-3-carbinol (I3C). In vitro, important gene involved in the reduction of BA disorder induced-diarrhea were screened by RNA transcriptomics sequencing, and activation pathway of FXR-SIRT1-LKB1 to alleviate BA disorder diarrhea and P53-mediated apoptosis were proposed in vitro by multifarious siRNA interference, CO-IP, immunofluorescence, and so on, which mechanism was also verified in a variety of mouse models. Here, we reveal for the first time that core microbiota derived I3C represses gut epithelium glucuronidation, particularly 3β-glucuronic CDCA production, which reaction is mediated by host UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A4 (UGT1A4) and necessary of BA disorder induced diarrhea. Mechanistically, L. reuteri derived I3C activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor to decrease UGT1A4 transcription and CDCA-3β-glucuronide content, thereby upregulating FXR-SIRT1-LKB1 signal. LKB1 binds with P53 based on protein interaction, ultimately resists to apoptosis and diarrhea. Moreover, I3C assists CDCA to attain the ameliorative effects of FXR activation in BA disorder diarrhea, through reversion of abnormal metabolism pathway, improving the outcomes of CDCA supplement. These findings uncover the crucial interplay between gut epithelial cells and microbes, highlighting UGT1A4-mediated conversion of CDCA-3β-glucuronide as a key target for ameliorating BA disorder-induced diarrhea.