Effects of different mind-body exercises on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Review question / Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the relative advantages of different physical and mental exercise modalities in improving glycemic and lipid control in patients with T2DM by using a network meta-analysis, and to rank different interventions that could help inform clinical decisions.Condition being studied: According to a recent report released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of adults aged 20-79 with diabetes will reach 537 million worldwide in 2021 (1 in 10 people have diabetes); the number is expected to rise to 643 million by 2030 and to 783 million by 2045, with the prevalence still on the rise.More than 90% of patients with diabetes are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).the main feature of T2DM is a relative insulin deficiency caused by defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin, leaving patients with abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels [*].Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications that not only cause severe psychological and physical distress to patients and caregivers, but also have a significant economic impact on countries and health systems: the global health expenditure due to diabetes in the year 2021 alone amounts to $966 billion, or 9% of global health expenditure.Clearly, diabetes poses a serious threat to global public health security.A sedentary lifestyle is considered one of the major risk factors for T2DM and its complications, and increasing physical activity is an effective way to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes with all lifestyle-based changes.