医学
西妥昔单抗
彭布罗利珠单抗
头颈部鳞状细胞癌
无容量
临床试验
头颈部癌
癌症
肿瘤科
不利影响
免疫疗法
埃罗替尼
内科学
癌症研究
结直肠癌
表皮生长因子受体
作者
Long Zhang,Jennifer R. Grandis,Daniel E. Johnson
标识
DOI:10.1080/14728214.2022.2125954
摘要
Introduction Conventional regimens for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are limited in efficacy and are associated with adverse toxicities. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved molecular targeting agents include the HER1 (EGFR)-directed monoclonal antibody cetuximab and the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. However, clinical benefit is only seen in roughly 15–20% of HNSCC patients treated with these agents. New molecular targeting agents are needed that either act with monotherapeutic activity against HNSCC tumors or enhance the activities of current therapies, particularly immunotherapy. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a viable option toward this goal.Areas covered This review provides an update on TKIs currently under investigation in HNSCC. We focus our review on data obtained and trials underway in HNSCC, including salivary gland cancers and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, but excluding thyroid cancer and esophageal cancer.Expert opinion While some emerging TKIs have shown clinical benefit, the positive effects have, largely, been modest. The design of clinical trials of TKIs has been hampered by a lack of understanding of biomarkers that can be used to define patient populations most likely to respond. Further preclinical and translational studies to define biomarkers of TKI response will be critically important.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI