Enzymatic Halogenation of Terminal Alkynes

The biosynthetic installation of halogen atoms is largely performed by oxidative halogenases that target a wide array of electron-rich substrates, including aromatic compounds and conjugated systems. Halogenated alkyne-containing molecules are known to occur in Nature; however, halogen atom installation on the terminus of an alkyne has not been demonstrated in enzyme catalysis. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of an alkynyl halogenase in natural product biosynthesis. We show that the flavin-dependent halogenase from the jamaicamide biosynthetic pathway, JamD, is not only capable of terminal alkyne halogenation on a late-stage intermediate en route to the final natural product but also has broad substrate tolerance for simple to complex alkynes. Furthermore, JamD is specific for terminal alkynes over other electron-rich aromatic substrates and belongs to a newly identified family of halogenases from marine cyanobacteria, indicating its potential as a chemoselective biocatalyst for the formation of haloalkynes.