Effects of the soy protein to wheat gluten ratio on the physicochemical and structural properties of Alaska pollock surimi-based meat analogs by high moisture extrusion

Surimi products have attracted much attention and are widely used in the food industry. Currently, the processing and exploitation of surimi products are mostly based on their gel characteristics. However, the abundant protein in surimi can be rearranged and integrated by high-temperature melting to generate a new surimi product with fibrous structures. In this study, meat analogs (new surimi product) were produced by high moisture extrusion (HME) using Alaska pollock surimi and plant protein (8:2), where the plant protein consisted of different ratios of soy protein and wheat gluten (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 1:9). The product was marked as SSG because it was composed of Alaska pollock surimi, soy protein and wheat gluten. The structure and color results showed that the hardness and ΔE of SSG decreased, while the fibrous degree and lightness increased with increasing WG content. The observation of the macrostructure and microstructure also showed that the skeleton structure of SSG was more obvious with increasing WG addition, but the viscosity reflected a decreasing trend. Furthermore, an increase in the WG content raised the free water ratio and the total content of β-sheets, whereas the appropriate plant protein ratio reduced the SSG's thermal stability. In conclusion, Alaskan pollock surimi and the appropriate proportion of plant protein can form structurally stable meat analogs by high moisture extrusion.