Efficacy and tolerability of monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of depressive episodes in mood disorders: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are considered third‐line treatments for treatment resistant depression; however, they are underused in clinical practice. Aims This study aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of MAOIs for the treatment of depression in comparison with other antidepressant treatments. Methods A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials was performed to compare the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability between MAOIs and other antidepressant treatments for the treatment of depressive episodes. Results A total of 83 double‐blinded, randomised controlled trials were included in the analysis, with 7765 participants assigned to an active treatment and 1844 assigned to placebo. Several MAOIs, including isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine and moclobemide, showed significantly higher efficacy compared with placebo. The tolerability and acceptability of MAOIs was comparable to other antidepressants. Limitations A disproportionate number of studies investigating the most commonly used MAOIs, such as moclobemide and phenelzine, and a lack of specific studies focusing on treatment‐resistant and atypical depression. Conclusions MAOIs are similar in efficacy to other antidepressants for the treatment of depression. However, more studies are needed comparing MAOI treatment in people with treatment‐resistant, atypical and bipolar depression.