Mechanisms of Sensitive Skin and the Soothing Effects of Active Compounds: A Review

The incidence of skin sensitivity issues in human populations has increased steadily because of external factors, such as environmental changes and emotional stress. Skin sensitivity refers to a state of skin hyperreactivity that occurs under certain physiological or pathological conditions. Sensitive skin may manifest as redness, itching, and pain and even trigger skin diseases, such as eczema or dermatitis, in severe cases. This review discusses the sensitization mechanisms and characteristics of sensitive skin, with a focus on symptom alleviation through three key strategies: skin-barrier repair, reduction in TRPV1 receptor activity, and anti-inflammatory interventions utilizing active substances. The findings will enhance public knowledge regarding sensitive skin, promote further research and practical prevention and treatment methods, and provide theoretical support for developing soothing cosmetic products for sensitive skin.