环境卫生
重金属
农村地区
清迈
摄入
环境科学
健康风险评估
人口
环境保护
健康风险
地理
社会经济学
医学
环境化学
化学
社会学
病理
内分泌学
作者
Kawinwut Somsunun,Tippawan Prapamontol,Todsabhorn Kuanpan,Teetawat Santijitpakdee,Kanyapak Kohsuwan,Natwasan Jeytawan,Nathaporn Thongjan
出处
期刊:Toxics
[MDPI AG]
日期:2023-12-14
卷期号:11 (12): 1018-1018
标识
DOI:10.3390/toxics11121018
摘要
Indoor exposure to heavy metals poses human health risks worldwide, but study reports from Thailand are still limited, particularly in rural and urban areas. We measured the heavy metals in a hundred indoor household dust samples collected from urban and rural areas in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces and found a significantly higher concentration of As in rural areas and Cd in urban areas with industrial activities. The source identification of the heavy metals showed significant enrichment from traffic emissions, paint, smoking, and mixed sources with natural soil. From health risk assessment models, children were more vulnerable to noncarcinogenic risks (HI = 1.45), primarily via ingestion (HQ = 1.39). Lifetime cancer risks (LCRs) due to heavy metal exposure were found in adults (LCR = 5.31 × 10−4) and children (LCR = 9.05 × 10−4). The cancer risks from As were higher in rural areas via ingestion, while Cr and Ni were higher in urban areas via inhalation and ingestion, respectively. This study estimated that approximately 5 out of 10,000 adults and 9 out of 10,000 children among the population may develop cancer in their lifetime from exposure to indoor heavy metals in this region.
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