Asymmetric droplet evaporation on inclined surfaces

A computational model based on disjoining pressure is developed to study the asymmetric evaporation of droplets on an inclined substrate. In the proposed formulation, the disjoining pressure is combined with the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method (ALE) to describe the solid-liquid interaction and investigate the contact angle hysteresis during evaporation. This model can be used to simulate the droplet evaporation modes of constant contact radius (CCR), constant contact angle (CCA) and “Stick-Slip” (mix evaporation mode), while the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The obtained droplet shape for different inclined angles shows an asymmetric variation in contact angle at the front and rear ends, with the mean contact angle decreasing as the tilt angle increases. The evaporation flux is symmetric in the case of a horizontal substrate, however, when the substrate is tilted, the front and rear contact angles are modified, which leads to a larger evaporation flux on the rear contact line. Moreover, the asymmetric droplet morphology leads to asymmetric temperature field and vortex in the initial stage of evaporation; as evaporation proceeds, however, the flow and temperature fields within the droplet exhibit a gradual convergence towards symmetry. Moreover, when droplets evaporate on a pair of substrates with complementary tilt angles, their lifetimes exhibit a remarkable similarity. From the evaporation rate evolution, it yields that the larger the percentage of pinning time on the contact line, the faster the evaporation rate of the droplet. The evaporation rate of droplets was 14.76% higher at a tilt angle of α=0° than the case of α=45°.