[Research progress in transcriptional and immunological biomarkers associated with tuberculosis infection].

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a serious threat to human health. About a quarter of the world's population were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2020, and the majority of them were latently infected. Approximately 5%-10% of the population with latent tuberculosis infection may progress to active TB disease. Identifying latent TB infection from active TB by biomarkers and screening people with latent TB infection at high risk of progression for preventive treatment by biomarkers that can reliably predict the progression is one of the most effective strategies to control TB. This article reviews the progress of research on transcriptional and immunological biomarkers for identifying TB infection and predicting the progression from latent infection to active TB, with the aim of providing new ideas for tuberculosis control.结核病是严重危害人类健康的传染病，2020年全球约四分之一人口感染结核分枝杆菌，其中大部分是潜伏感染者。约5%~10%的潜伏感染者可进展为活动性结核病。通过生物标志物识别潜伏结核感染与活动性结核，并寻找能可靠预测结核由潜伏感染进展为活动性结核的生物标志物，以此筛选出具有高进展风险的潜伏结核感染人群进行预防性治疗，是控制结核病最有效的策略之一。本文从转录组和免疫组两个方面对识别结核感染及预测潜伏感染进展为活动性结核的生物标志物研究进展进行阐述，旨在为结核病控制提供新的思路。.