Effect of Different 131I Dose Strategies for Treatment of Hyperthyroidism on Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Purpose The study aims to define the effect of different dose strategies on ophthalmic complications in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Methods All the patients with GD and no or inactive ophthalmopathy (clinical activity score; CAS < 3) underwent Snellen chart examination, measurement of proptosis, thyroid volume, and radioactive iodine uptake, and randomized into 1 of 3 groups. In group 1, all the patients received fixed low dose (FLD) of 259 MBq of 131 I, whereas in group 2, all the patients received fixed high dose (FHD) of 555 MBq, and in group 3, calculated dose (CD) was administered to deliver 5.55 MBq/g (thyroid weight) of 131 I. All examinations were repeated 6 months after treatment. The measurement of thyroid function tests and clinical examination were repeated after 12 months. Results We studied 92 patients (58 female and 34 male) with mean age of 38.2 ± 12.0 years. Overall, 29, 32, and 31 patients were studied in FLD, FHD, and CD groups, respectively. The patients in CD received a mean activity of 240.5 MBq. The 3 groups were not significantly different regarding age, sex ratio, radioactive iodine uptake, smoking, visual acuity, and proptosis. The response rate 12 months after radioactive iodine therapy was 66.7%, 94.4%, and 92.9% in FLD, FHD, and CD groups, respectively ( P = 0.05). Overall, CAS was increased significantly after treatment. Delta proptosis and delta CAS were increased significantly in FHD group compared with other groups ( P < 0.05). The highest increment in proptosis was seen in FHD group. Conclusions The administration of 5.55 MBq/g of 131 I has fewer ophthalmic complications compared with high fixed dose model and is more effective than low fixed dose strategy.