A substrate-specific mTORC1 pathway underlies Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome

毛囊素 TFEB Birt-Hogg-Dubé综合征 mTORC1型 雷氏菌 细胞生物学 生物 P70-S6激酶1 雷帕霉素的作用靶点 磷酸化 蛋白质稳态 癌症研究 PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路 TSC2 医学 转录因子 信号转导 遗传学 基因 解剖 气胸
作者
Gennaro Napolitano,Chiara Di Malta,Alessandra Esposito,Mariana E. G. de Araújo,Salvatore Pece,Giovanni Bertalot,Maria Matarese,Valerio Benedetti,Angela Zampelli,Taras Stasyk,Diletta Siciliano,Alessandro Venuta,Marcella Cesana,Claudia Vilardo,Edoardo Nusco,Jlenia Monfregola,Alessia Calcagnì,Pier Paolo Di Fiore,Lukas A. Huber,Andrea Ballabio
出处
期刊:Nature [Springer Nature]
卷期号:585 (7826): 597-602 被引量:161
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2444-0
摘要

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key metabolic hub that controls the cellular response to environmental cues by exerting its kinase activity on multiple substrates1-3. However, whether mTORC1 responds to diverse stimuli by differentially phosphorylating specific substrates is poorly understood. Here we show that transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy4,5, is phosphorylated by mTORC1 via a substrate-specific mechanism that is mediated by Rag GTPases. Owing to this mechanism, the phosphorylation of TFEB-unlike other substrates of mTORC1, such as S6K and 4E-BP1- is strictly dependent on the amino-acid-mediated activation of RagC and RagD GTPases, but is insensitive to RHEB activity induced by growth factors. This mechanism has a crucial role in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, a disorder that is caused by mutations in the RagC and RagD activator folliculin (FLCN) and is characterized by benign skin tumours, lung and kidney cysts and renal cell carcinoma6,7. We found that constitutive activation of TFEB is the main driver of the kidney abnormalities and mTORC1 hyperactivity in a mouse model of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Accordingly, depletion of TFEB in kidneys of these mice fully rescued the disease phenotype and associated lethality, and normalized mTORC1 activity. Our findings identify a mechanism that enables differential phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates, the dysregulation of which leads to kidney cysts and cancer.
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