TdT-dUTP DSB End Labeling (TUDEL), for Specific, Direct In Situ Labeling of DNA Double Strand Breaks

末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 DNA损伤 标记法 DNA 生物 分子生物学 DNA修复 彗星试验 DNA聚合酶 化学 细胞生物学 细胞凋亡 生物化学
作者
Julian Lutze,Sara Warrington,Stephen J. Kron
出处
期刊:Methods in molecular biology 卷期号:: 299-317 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_18
摘要

The genome of a living cell is continuously damaged by various exogenous and endogenous factors yielding multiple types of DNA damage including base damage and damage to the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) are the most severe form of DNA damage and if left unchecked, may precipitate genomic rearrangements, cell death or contribute to malignancy. In clinical contexts, radiation is often used to induce DSBs as a form of genotoxic therapy. Despite the importance of DSBs and their repair, as yet there is no facile assay to detect DSBs in situ or to quantify their location or proximity to other cellular constituents. Such an assay would help to disentangle DDR signaling pathways and identify new molecular players involved in DSB repair. These efforts, in turn, may facilitate drug screening and accelerate the discovery of novel, more effective genotoxic agents. We have developed such an assay, presented here, and term it TdT-dUTP DSB End Labeling (TUDEL).TUDEL makes use of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), a template-independent DNA polymerase. TdT is commonly used in TUNEL assays to yield a binary output of DNA damage. We have adapted this approach, using TdT and EdUTP to label individual DNA double strand breaks in irradiated cells and detecting the incorporated EdU with fluorescent probes via Click chemistry. This tool complements and is compatible with existing, indirect methods to track DSBs such as immunofluorescent detection of γH2AX. TUDEL is also sufficiently specific, sensitive, quantitative, and robust to replace the neutral Comet assay for routine measurement of DSB formation and repair. Here we present a protocol for TUDEL.

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