Quantitative evaluation of hemodynamics after partial embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations

Background To explore the hemodynamic changes after embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using quantitative digital subtraction angiography (QDSA). Methods We reviewed 74 supratentorial AVMs that underwent endovascular embolization and performed a quantitative hemodynamic analysis comparing parameters in pre- and post-operative DSA in correlation with rupture. The AVMs were further divided into two subgroups based on the embolization degree: Group I: 0%–50%, Group II: 51%–100%. In the intergroup analysis, we examined the correlations between embolization degree and hemodynamic parameter changes. Results A longer time to peak (TTP) of the main feeding artery (OR 11.836; 95% CI 1.388 to 100.948; P=0.024) and shorter mean transit time (MTT) of the nidus (OR 0.174; 95% CI 0.039 to 0.766; P=0.021) were associated with AVM rupture. After embolization, all MTTs were significantly prolonged (P<0.05). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) duration of the main feeding artery was significantly shortened (P<0.001), and several hemodynamic parameters of the main draining vein changed significantly (TTP: prolonged, P=0.005; FWHM: prolonged, P=0.014; inflow gradient: decreased, P=0.004; outflow gradient: decreased, P=0.042). In the subgroup analysis, several MTT parameters were significantly prolonged in both groups (P<0.05), and the MTT increase rate in Group II was greater than in Group I (P<0.05). Conclusions Embolization can significantly change the hemodynamics of AVMs, especially when an embolization degree >50% is obtained. Partial embolization may reduce the AVM rupture risk in hemodynamics perspective.