A Polarization-Reconfigurable Glass Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Liquid Metal

In this communication, we introduce a glass dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) incorporating a liquid-metal polarizer capable of polarization reconfiguration. The polarizer is formed by a type of liquid-metal alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin. The antenna is capable of generating three different polarizations: a −45° polarization (STATE 1), a +45° polarization (STATE 2), and a $y$ -axis polarization (STATE 3). The glass DRA is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz with a wide effective bandwidth (overlapped impedance bandwidths of the three states) of 18.0% and a high radiation efficiency of more than 80%. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analyses.