The use of tension testing to investigate the effect of W/C ratio and cement type on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack

Abstract Concrete specimens were cast and partially immersed in a sulfate solution for varying periods of time up to 1 year. The effects of water/cement ratio (0.45 and 0.65) and cement type (ordinary and sulfate resistant) were investigated. Concrete performance was evaluated based on compressive strength and tensile strength, which was measured with the pressure tension test. Results indicated that water/cement ratio had a greater influence on the resistance of the concretes to sulfate attack than did cement type. The pressure tension test appeared to be more sensitive than the compressive strength test in detecting internal damage, particularly at early ages.