Unfolding the chemistry of FOX-7: Unique energetic material and precursor with numerous possibilities

FOX-7 demonstrates a fascinating explosophoric motif with a unique combination of detonation performance and stability. Unlike classical explosives, such as TNT, TATB, and RDX, FOX-7 exhibits superior energetic performance originating from its high density, oxygen balance, and dinitro groups. Indeed, owing to its unique energetic properties and versatile molecular structure, a variety of neutral compounds and salts have been synthesized during the past two decades and continuing. These materials comprise NH2 and NO2 groups on the C = C bond as an integral structural unit that provides an opportunity for a diverse blend of physical and detonation properties. This critical review summarizes several synthetic strategies used for structural modification of FOX-7 and highlighted their energetic properties. Due to the chemically tailorable framework, synthetic accessibilities, and superior energetic characteristics, FOX-7 is subjected to intense and expansive research and is undoubtedly considered a promising precursor for developing new explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics.