生物
极端环境
古细菌
生态学
极端微生物
生命之树(生物学)
微生物生态学
生态系统
生物多样性
进化生物学
微生物种群生物学
基因组
生态系统多样性
多样性(政治)
微生物群
微生物
系统发育学
基因
遗传学
细菌
社会学
人类学
作者
Wensheng Shu,Li‐Nan Huang
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00648-y
摘要
A wide array of microorganisms, including many novel, phylogenetically deeply rooted taxa, survive and thrive in extreme environments. These unique and reduced-complexity ecosystems offer a tremendous opportunity for studying the structure, function and evolution of natural microbial communities. Marker gene surveys have resolved patterns and ecological drivers of these extremophile assemblages, revealing a vast uncultured microbial diversity and the often predominance of archaea in the most extreme conditions. New omics studies have uncovered linkages between community function and environmental variables, and have enabled discovery and genomic characterization of major new lineages that substantially expand microbial diversity and change the structure of the tree of life. These efforts have significantly advanced our understanding of the diversity, ecology and evolution of microorganisms populating Earth's extreme environments, and have facilitated the exploration of microbiota and processes in more complex ecosystems.
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