The response of an Eastern Amazonian rain forest to drought stress: results and modelling analyses from a throughfall exclusion experiment

贯通 环境科学 蒸腾作用 旱季 亚马逊河 含水量 水文学(农业) 土壤水分 亚马逊雨林 土壤科学 生态学 地质学 生物 岩土工程 光合作用 植物
作者
Rosie A. Fisher,Mathew Williams,Antonio Lola da Costa,Yadvinder Malhi,Rafael Costa,Samuel Almeida,Patrick Meir
出处
期刊:Global Change Biology [Wiley]
卷期号:13 (11): 2361-2378 被引量:263
标识
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01417.x
摘要

Abstract Warmer and drier climates over Eastern Amazonia have been predicted as a component of climate change during the next 50–100 years. It remains unclear what effect such changes will have on forest–atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water, but the cumulative effect is anticipated to produce climatic feedback at both regional and global scales. To allow more detailed study of forest responses to soil drying, a simulated soil drought or ‘throughfall exclusion’ (TFE) experiment was established at a rain forest site in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil, for which time‐series sap flow and soil moisture data were obtained. The experiment excluded 50% of the throughfall from the soil. Sap flow data from the forest plot experiencing normal rainfall showed no limitation of transpiration throughout the two monitored dry seasons. Conversely, data from the TFE showed large dry season declines in transpiration, with tree water use restricted to 20% of that in the control plot at the peak of both dry seasons. The results were examined to evaluate the paradigm that the restriction on transpiration in the dry season was caused by limitation of soil‐to‐root water transport, driven by low soil water potential and high soil‐to‐root hydraulic resistance. This paradigm, embedded in the soil–plant–atmosphere (SPA) model and driven using on‐site measurements, provided a good explanation ( R 2 > 0.69) of the magnitude and timing of changes in sap flow and soil moisture. This model‐data correspondence represents a substantial improvement compared with other ecosystem models of drought stress tested in Amazonia. Inclusion of deeper rooting should lead to lower sensitivity to drought than the majority of existing models. Modelled annual GPP declined by 13–14% in response to the treatment, compared with estimated declines in transpiration of 30–40%.
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