A critical review on the efficiency improvement of upconversion assisted solar cells

In this review, the author highlights the history, importance and emerging applications of up-conversion (UC) assisted solar cells. An attempt has been made to elucidate the fundamental physical principles that govern the energy conversion by UC materials. Details of various UC mechanisms and popular UC materials along with mathematical interpretation are also provided. The article aims to draw the attention of researchers towards recent technologies adopted to enhance solar cell/photovoltaic (PV) efficiency using UC materials. A careful review has been presented on different techniques and materials employed by researchers to optimize cell structure worldwide. This review provides a useful guide for optimization of various parameters and fabrication of UC based PV systems.