In this thesis, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of recent photodetectors based on graphene, TMDCs and black phosphorus, and its synthesis method and device performances of photodetectors. All the results are mainly focused on the photodetectors based on 2D materials with broadband photodetection ability, fast response time and high photo-responsivity. We proposed several alternative options for achieving high performance photodetectors and how to synthesize the functional materials of these photodetectors.