[Analysis of developmental coordination disorder in Chinese children].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of children's developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and its distribution based on different family socioeconomic characteristics in China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for early prevention, diagnosis, and intervention for DCD. Methods: From June to October, 2016, 1 887 children aged 3-10 years from 20 kindergartens and 10 elementary schools from 8 cities in seven geographic areas of China using a stratified cluster sampling method were recruited. With a cross-sectional design, parents were asked to report on their basic information. Children' s motor ability was assessed using the movement assessment battery for children-second edition (MABC-2). Children were grouped by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), one-child status, and family structure. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare family socioeconomic characteristics of children between different groups. Results: Among the 1 887 children, there were 1 110 (58.8%) preschool children (3-6 years of age) and 777 (41.2%) school-aged children (7-10 years of age). There were 982 males (52.0%) and 905 females (48.0%). A total of 5.5% (104 cases) children were diagnosed with DCD, 10.4% (197 cases) with suspected DCD, and 84.1% (1 586 cases) as typical motor developing children. There were no significant differences in prevalence of diagnosed and suspected DCD among different regions (χ²=17.342 and 4.877, P=0.173 and 0.560), total motor coordination score (F=2.759, P<0.05), and the scores of all dimensions (manual dexterity, positioning and grabbing, balance: F=9.276, 5.277, 3.706, all P<0.01). The prevalence of DCD in preschool children was significantly higher than that in school-age children (χ²=11.891, P<0.01). Girls were significantly better than boys in total motor coordination, manual dexterity, and balance (all P<0.01). Boys were significantly better than girls in positioning and grabbing (P<0.01). The prevalence of DCD in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (70 boys (7.1%) and 34 girls (3.8%), χ²=28.508, P<0.01). The total motor coordination ability, manual dexterity and balance of children who are overweighted (BMI>18 kg/m2) were significantly lower than those of children of normal weight (BMI≤18 kg/m2) (all P<0.01). The prevalence of suspected DCD children who are overweighted was significantly higher than that of children of normal weight (χ²=4.369, P<0.05). The difference of total motor coordination ability (F=6.811, P<0.01) and the prevalence of DCD (χ²=14.902, P<0.01) among different family structures were statistically significant. The total motor coordination ability and balance ability of children from multi-child family were better than those of children from one-child family (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The motor coordination ability of Chinese children is well-developed, with differences among different regions, gender, age, BMI, and family structure.目的： 了解中国儿童发育性协调障碍（DCD）的患病率及其在家庭社会经济特征中的分布，为其早期预防、诊断和干预提供理论依据。 方法： 于2016年6—10月采用分层整群抽样方法抽取中国7个地理区域的8个城市的20所幼儿园及10所小学3~10岁的儿童共1 887名，采用横断面调查的方法，由儿童的父母填写基本情况调查表，采用儿童运动能力成套评估量表第2版对儿童的运动能力进行评估。按年龄、性别、体质指数、是否为独生子女及家庭结构分组，采用χ²检验和单因素方差分析进行组间比较，比较不同组间儿童的家庭社会经济特征。 结果： 共纳入1 887名儿童，学龄前儿童（3~6岁）1 110名（58.8%），学龄儿童（7~10岁）777名（41.2%）；男982名（52.0%），女905名（48.0%）。确诊DCD者占5.5%（104例），疑似DCD患儿占10.4%（197例），运动发育正常儿童占84.1%（1 586名）。不同地区儿童的DCD确诊率、疑似率差异均无统计学意义（χ²=17.342、4.877，P=0.137、0.560），总运动协调能力得分（F=2.759，P<0.05）和各维度能力（手部灵活性、定位与抓取、平衡性，F=9.276、5.277、3.706，均P<0.01）差异均有统计学意义。学龄前期儿童DCD确诊率明显高于学龄儿童（χ²=11.891，P<0.01）。女童的运动协调能力总分、手部灵活性和平衡性均显著优于男童（均P<0.01），男童的定位与抓取能力显著优于女童（P<0.01）。男童的DCD确诊率高于女童［7.1%（70/982）比3.8%（34/905），χ²=28.508，P<0.01］。超重（体质指数>18 kg/m²）儿童总运动协调能力、手灵巧度、平衡能力均显著低于体重正常（体质指数≤18 kg/m²）儿童（均P<0.01），DCD疑似率显著低于体重正常儿童（χ²=4.369，P<0.05）。不同家庭结构的总运动协调能力和DCD确诊率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。非独生子女的总运动协调能力、平衡能力均优于独生子女（均P<0.05）。 结论： 中国儿童运动协调能力发展较好，存在地域、性别、年龄、体质指数和家庭结构间的差异。.