Occurrences and phenotypes of RIPK3-positive gastric cells in Helicobacter pylori infected gastritis and atrophic lesions

Research evidences suggest that diverse forms of programmed cell death (PCD) are involved in the helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric inflammation and disorders.To characterize occurrences and phenotypes of necroptosis in gastric cells in H. pylori infected gastritis and atrophic specimens.Occurrences and phenotypes of necroptosis in gastric cells were immunohistochemically characterized with receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) antibody in both human H. pylori infected gastric gastritis, atrophic specimens, and transgenic mice.Increased populations of RIPK3-positive cells were observed in both gastric glands and lamina propria in H. pylori infected human oxyntic gastritis and atrophic specimens. Phenotypic analysis revealed that many RIPK3-positive cells were H + K+ ATPase-positive parietal cells in the gastric glands and were predominantly CD3-positive T lymphocytes, CD68-positive macrophages, and SMA-alpha-positive stromal cells in the lamina propria. Furthermore, we found an increased expression of RIPK3-positive gastric glandular cells along with the histological process of hyperplasia-atrophy-dysplasia progression in hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice.An increased population of RIPK3-positive cells was observed in several types of gastric cells, future studies that define the effects and mechanisms of PCD implicated in the development of H. pylori induced gastric disorders are needed.