Serum Pepsinogen Levels Are Correlated With Age, Sex and the Level of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Healthy Individuals

Background To explore the relationship between age, sex, the level of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and serum pepsinogen (PG) in healthy people undergoing a medical examination. Methods A total of 6,596 “healthy” individuals undergoing a medical examination were selected as subjects in this study. The concentrations of serum pepsinogen I (PGI) and serum pepsinogen II (PGII) were tested for each of the subjects using time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay characterized with high sensitivity and wide measuring range. The infection ratio and level of HP were tested using a 13C-urea breath test to analyze the relationship between age, sex, HP infection, and serum PGs. Results The PGI, PGII and PGI-to-PGII ratio ( x ¯ ± S ) were higher in males than in females. The serum PGI and PGII levels gradually increased with age. HP infection rate was 48.83%, and the serum PGI, PGII and PGI-to-PGII ratio ( x ¯ ± S ) were 187.05 ± 73.50 µg/L, 18.09 ± 8.68 µg/L and 11.67 ± 5.44, respectively in the HP-positive group and 150.39 ± 67.04 µg/L, 11.50 ± 7.45 µg/L and 15.67 ± 8.19, respectively in the HP-negative group. There was significant difference in the detection rate of an abnormal PG between the 2 groups as with the worsening of HP infection, 13C-urea breath test and serum PGI and PGII levels increased, but the PGI-to-PGII ratio decreased significantly. Conclusions Serum PGI and PGII levels were correlated with age, sex and the level of HP infection. Therefore, the influencing factors of age, sex and the level of HP infection should be considered when screening stomach diseases using PG.