NADPH氧化酶
活性氧
细胞生物学
第二信使系统
胞浆
钙信号传导
非生物胁迫
MAPK/ERK通路
蛋白激酶A
细胞信号
质外体
生物化学
激酶
化学
生物
钙
信号转导
酶
细胞壁
基因
有机化学
作者
Tapan Kumar Mohanta,Tufail Bashir,Abeer Hashem,Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah,Abdul Latif Khan,Ahmed Sulaiman Al-Harrasi
标识
DOI:10.1007/s00344-018-9833-8
摘要
Upon exposure to abiotic stresses, plants activate early stress-signaling mechanisms within a few seconds to a few hours to counter the stress responses and bring tolerance. The most versatile signaling molecules involved during the early events of abiotic stress signaling are Ca2+ (calcium ion) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), 1O2, O2−, and H2O2. Initially, apoplastic Ca2+ activates plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidase and generates H2O2, which acts as a second messenger and further leads to the activation of downstream signaling processes. Subsequently, H2O2 activates calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, leading to stress tolerance through downstream signaling cascades. In addition, fast influx of Ca2+ from the apoplast to the cytosol further activates cytosolic CDPKs and respiratory burst oxidase D and regulates Ca2+ and ROS signaling. Sub-cellular organelles further produce ROS and Ca2+ to bring stress tolerance. Excessive ROS produced during these processes are quenched by ROS scavenging enzymes, whereas excessive Ca2+ is neutralized by the action of the calcium binding proteins CDPKs, CaMs, CMLs, and CBLs. The phytohormone ABA further regulates the production of H2O2, thus maintaining the positive feedback system for ROS production and stress tolerance. Additionally, CBL proteins modulate H2O2 production in the presence of NADPH oxidase via interaction with CIPK, thus maintaining a positive feedback mechanism in stress tolerance. Similarly, CaM proteins bind with MAPK and regulate stress tolerance by activating the MAPK cascade.
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