Electrophysiological Mechanism of Catestatin Antiarrhythmia: Enhancement of I to , I K, and I K1 and Inhibition of I Ca ‐L in Rat Ventricular Myocytes

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Myocardial ischemia and infarction, in particular, frequently cause disturbances in cardiac electrical activity that can trigger ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate whether catestatin, an endogenous catecholamine-inhibiting peptide, ameliorates myocardial ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats and the underlying ionic mechanisms.