Recent progress in phosphor technology

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require stable and competent phosphor candidate which can be used in solid-state lighting (SSL) outside the technical constraints of conventional lighting systems. The need for high brightness LEDs, backlight LEDs, organic LEDs (OLEDs), and quantum-dot LEDs (QD-LEDs) is expected to grow. In the current SSL technologies, especially LED-based SSL systems combined with artificial intelligence (AI), is on its way to becoming the leading lighting technology across all applications. Organic LED's and quantum dot LED's are a particular type of SSL technology that allows for the creation of diffuse lighting systems with direct emissions that are flat and bendable. This technological flexibility has the potential to create innovative form factors and lighting strategy that are not currently possible with LEDs or conventional lighting technology. In this chapter, the technological transition to micro- and nano-LED devices and their fabrication beyond illumination is explored, along with a current state-of-the-art summary.