Study of biogenic fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their applications: A review

• Focus on the advantages of biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. • Characterization of biogenic synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. • Photocatalytic efficacy of biogenic synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. • Antimicrobial efficiency of synthesized ZnO NPs towards bacterial and fungal strain. Nanotechnology offers the synthesis and utilization of matter with Nano-scale size. The Nanoscale dimension gives nanoparticles a high SA/V (Surface area to Volume) proportion and because of this, it shows remarkable properties. Nowadays tremendous research is carried out on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) because of their high bandwidth and maximum binding energy. ZnO NPs have different biological applications such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, photocatalytic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and optic properties. In the physical and chemical method of synthesis of ZnO NPs, there is the use of different toxic chemicals which is harmful and also causes deterioration of the environment over these conventional methods, green synthesis approach utilizes bacteria, algae, fungus, and plants. This review is a complete investigation of the use of different biological sources utilized for the synthesis of ZnO NPs and characterization studies of ZnO NPs and their potential applications.