Defect Passivation Refinement in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Achieving Efficiency over 45% under Low‐Light and Low‐Temperature Dual Extreme Conditions

Abstract Perovskite photovoltaics have emerged as the most promising candidates for next‐generation light‐to‐electricity technology. However, their practical application still suffers from energy loss induced by intrinsic defects within the perovskite lattice. We here design a refined defect passivation in perovskite films, which shows a multi‐interaction mechanism between the perovskite and passivator. Interestingly, we observed a shift of molecular bonding upon cooling down the film, leading to a stronger passivation of iodine/formamidine vacancies. We further leverage such mechanism on device under low‐light and low‐temperature conditions and obtained a record efficiency over 45% with durable ambient stability (T 90 >4000 h). The pioneer application of perovskite solar cells in above dual extreme conditions in this work reveals the key principles of designing functional groups for the passivators, and also demonstrates the capability of perovskites for diverse terrestrial energy conversion applications in demanding environments such as polar regions and outer space. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved