Recent development on DNA & genome synthesis

After decades of development, DNA synthesis, assembly, and sequencing technologies have reached a high level, allowing faster and cheaper acquirements of synthetic genes or even de novo synthesis of an entire genome. Meanwhile, the value of synthetic genomes keeps increasing, and the target organisms have covered viruses, bacteria, and yeast and moved toward higher eukaryotes. However, as the length of genomes moves from kilobase to gigabase, the cost of synthetic genome projects increases sharply and requires years of effort to complete. Therefore, new DNA synthesis technology and a next-generation DNA synthesizer are urgently needed. In this review, we focus mainly on the advances in DNA and genome synthesis and discuss difficulties that need to be addressed in both areas.