An RNA Helicase DHX33 Inhibitor Shows Broad Anticancer Activity via Inducing Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells

RNA helicase DHX33 has been identified as a critical factor promoting cancer development. In the present study, a previously developed small molecule inhibitor for DHX33, KY386, was found to robustly kill cancer cells via a new path, the ferroptosis pathway. Mechanistically, DHX33 promotes the expression of critical players in lipid metabolism including FADS1, FADS2, and SCD1 genes, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to ferroptosis mediated cell death. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of DHX33 in promoting tumorigenesis and highlights that pharmacological targeting DHX33 can be a feasible option in human cancers. Normally differentiated cells are insensitive to DHX33 inhibition, and DHX33 inhibitors have little cellular toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Our studies demonstrated that DHX33 inhibitors can be promising anticancer agents with great potential for cancer treatment.