Thermal Stress and Toxicity

Thermal Stress and Toxicity Volume 4 Issue 3. July 2014 Christopher J. Gordon, Christopher J. Gordon [email protected] Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew F.M. Johnstone, Andrew F.M. Johnstone Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorCenk Aydin, Cenk Aydin Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author Christopher J. Gordon, Christopher J. Gordon [email protected] Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrew F.M. Johnstone, Andrew F.M. Johnstone Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health Effects and Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorCenk Aydin, Cenk Aydin Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author Published online: 7 August 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c130046Citations: 38 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Elevating ambient temperature above thermoneutrality exacerbates toxicity of most air pollutants, insecticides, and other toxic chemicals. On the other hand, safety and toxicity testing of toxicants and drugs is usually performed in mice and rats maintained at sub-thermoneutral temperatures of ∼22°C. When exposed to chemical toxicants under these relatively cool conditions, rodents typically undergo a regulated hypothermic response, characterized by preference for cooler ambient temperatures and controlled reduction in core temperature. Reducing core temperature delays the clearance of most toxicants from the body; however, a mild hypothermia also improves recovery and survival from the toxicant. Raising ambient temperature to thermoneutrality and above increases the rate of clearance of the toxicant but also exacerbates toxicity. Furthermore, heat stress combined with work or exercise is likely to worsen toxicity. Body temperature of large mammals, including humans, does not decrease as much in response to exposure to a toxicant. However, heat stress can nonetheless worsen toxic outcome in humans through a variety of mechanisms. For example, heat-induced sweating and elevation in skin blood flow accelerates uptake of some insecticides. Epidemiological studies suggest that thermal stress may exacerbate the toxicity of airborne pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. Overall, translating results of studies in rodents to that of humans is a formidable task attributed in part to the interspecies differences in thermoregulatory response to the toxicants and to thermal stress. Published 2014. Compr Physiol 4:995-1016, 2014. Citing Literature References 1 Al-Tamimi HJ, Rottinghaus GE, Spiers DE, Spain J, Chatman D, Eichen PA, Carson TL. Thermoregulatory response of dairy cows fed ergotized barley during summer heat stress. 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